Although there have been significant advances in the identification and management of head injuries in sport, our current understanding of concussion and post-concussion syndrome may hinder progress in improving both player safety and symptom management. The clinical diagnosis of concussion is primarily based on self-reported symptoms, which are relatively poor indicators, both in terms of sensitivity and specificity, of actual brain damage.

Persistent symptoms are often attributed to ongoing concussion or post-concussion syndrome, when in most cases, there are specific, treatable causes. To enhance diagnosis and improve both short- and long-term player safety, it is crucial to better understand the effects of head impacts on brain structure and function. Objective biomarkers of brain injury could offer valuable insights.

These biomarkers may also help clarify the individual causes of persistent symptoms. However, in most cases, a thorough clinical assessment is key to providing tailored, individualised treatment and in promoting recovery.